- Jul 31, 2011
- 5,441
- 2,016
- AFL Club
- Collingwood
- Banned
- #1,201
This interview touches on the peak, well worth a look. But I'm posting the following excerpt for bomberfan11's benefit, I trust it will clear up some of his misapprehensions about southern sea ice.
http://www.rtcc.org/nature/how-the-southern-ocean-helps-us-plan-for-climate-change/
http://www.rtcc.org/nature/how-the-southern-ocean-helps-us-plan-for-climate-change/
RTCC: And what impact are warming oceans and a warming atmosphere having in the Southern Ocean?
NB: The oceans are certainly getting warmer. The areas that are warming up the fastest in long terms trends are the Northern Atlantic and the Southern Ocean.
And the way the Southern Ocean is warming up is that the surface isn’t warming up as fast as the rest of the ocean and terrestrial surfaces but it is actually warming up in the ocean interior quite fast.
A consequence of that is actually the ocean surface is tending to rise a little bit faster in the southern ocean than elsewhere.
In terms of sea ice the Arctic – the northern hemisphere’s counter part of the southern ocean –has seen a very dramatic decline in the amount and areas of sea ice coverage in the Arctic.
But the story for the southern ocean is actually a little bit different, what’s happened there is a very weak tendency for the amount of sea ice to actually increase around Antarctica, so this is a sort of paradoxical response.
The expected response from increasing greenhouse gases over a long timescale is for the Antarctic sea ice to actually decrease in extent. And what we have seen is a slight increase in extent.
In the scientific literature there is quite a lot of discussion as to why the Antarctic sea ice is increasing in extent whereas the arctic has declined incredibly rapidly. And there is no agreements in the scientific community except to say the increase in the Antarctic sea ice extent is actually very weak and is within our understanding of the natural variations that occur anyway.
The conclusion is that this increase could well just be the natural internal variability within the climate system.
What it means though is that in terms of deciding whether there is an impact on warming of the atmosphere in the Antarctic sea ice extent is something that we will have to wait and see what the answer is.
I expect that it will actually start to decline in the future but it is not immediately present now.
The sea ice is floating and in Antarctica it is formed each winter and melts each summer and the extent of the sea ice varies enormously from month to month and winter to summer. But because it is the freezing of the surface of the ocean, its melt in summer and it’s freezing in winter doesn’t actually change sea levels.
But the important role that sea ice plays is that it changes the colour of the oceans so where they rapidly decline in the Arctic for instance, the darker ocean has been revealed beneath and that means that the ocean can absorb more heat from the direct sunlight. So the presence or absence of sea ice is very important to how you accelerate the rate of warming in the oceans.
In the projections of the future climate the southern ocean would warm at an even faster rate with the expected decline of the Antarctic sea ice distribution.